EN AW-3003

tube - round as bar

A technical illustration of the product with dimensions of the material EN AW-3003 from the material Aluminum in the shape tube - round as bar
  • Form tube - round as bar
  • Material Aluminum
  • Material EN AW-3003
  • Material chemically EN 573-3 Aluminium Al Mn Cu
  • DIN 3.0517
An image of the material EN AW-3003 from the material Aluminum in the shape tube - round as bar
A technical illustration of the product of the material EN AW-3003 from the material Aluminum in the shape tube - round as bar

Features of this material

  • very suitable for use in the food industry
  • best suitability for low temperature range e.g. down to - 254 °C
  • Soft soldering and friction soldering are not recommended for use in the food sector and for medical applications.

Features of this material

  • Very good resistance to atmospheric corrosion and seawater (weathering)
  • very good formability in the "O" condition
  • very well suited for welding with all welding processes

Information about the material

  • Aviation
    Aviation No
  • Chemical specifications
    Be (from) 0
    Be (to) 0
    Co (from) 0
    Co (to) 0
    Cu (from) 0.05
    Cu (to) 0.2
    Fe (to) 0.7
    Mn (from) 1
    Mn (to) 1.5
    Other max. 0,05
    Rest Al
    Si (to) 0.6
    Total max. 0,15 a) b)
    Zn (to) 0.1

    a) Schließt alle aufgeführten Elemente ein, für die keine Grenzwerte angegeben sind. b) Die Summe dieser "Anderen Beimengungen", deren Masseanteil einzeln 0,010 % oder mehr beträgt, wird mit zwei Dezimalstellen vor der Summenbildung ausgedrückt.

  • Corrosion resistance
    Normal atmosphere 1.5
    Seawater atmosphere 2
  • Cutting
    Laser cutting 2
    Plasma cutting 2
    Sawing 4
    Shear cutting 2
    Waterjet cutting 1
  • Food industry
    suitable according to DIN EN 602 No
  • Forming
    Bending 1
    Deep drawing (conditional) 1
    Extruding 2
    Impact extrusion 1
    Press 1
    Upsetting (Conditional) 1
  • Heat treatment - Softannealing
    Heating time max. 6 h
    Heating time min. 3 h
    Annealing temperature max. 450 °C
    Annealing temperature min. 350 °C
    Cooling conditions Ofenabkühlung, unkontrolliert, oder an ruhender Luft.
    Mit Temperatur ist Metalltemperatur gemeint.
    Um eine gute Planheit nach dem Glühen zu erreichen ist zu empfehlen unter Belastung zu glühen.
  • Material
    Material chemically EN 573-3 Aluminium Al Mn Cu
    DIN 3.0517
    DIN (old designation) AlMnCu
    France AFNOR NF-A-M1
    Italy UNI 9003/1 [P-AlMn1,2Cu]
    Spain L-3810 [Al-1MnCu]
    United Kingdom BS BS-N3
  • physical properties
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 100°C 23.2 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 200°C 24.1 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 300°C 25.1 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from -50 to 20°C 21.5 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Density 2.73 g/cm³
    Electrical conductivity max. 29 m/Ω*mm²
    Electrical conductivity min. 23 m/Ω*mm²
    Specific heat 893 J/(kg·K)
    Thermal conductivity max. 200 W/m*K
    Thermal conductivity min. 160 W/m*K
  • Soldering
    Brazing 2
    Brazing with flux 2
    Soft soldering 2
    Soft soldering with flux 2
  • Welding
    Friction stir welding 2
    Friction welding 2
    Laser 2
    MIG 2
    Plasma 2
    Resistance spot welding 3
    TIG 2
  • Aviation
    Aviation No
    Aviation No
  • Chemical specifications
    Be (from) 0
    Be (from) 0
    Be (to) 0
    Be (to) 0
    Co (from) 0
    Co (from) 0
    Co (to) 0
    Co (to) 0
    Cu (from) 0.05
    Cu (from) 0.05
    Cu (to) 0.2
    Cu (to) 0.2
    Fe (to) 0.7
    Fe (to) 0.7
    Mn (from) 1
    Mn (from) 1
    Mn (to) 1.5
    Mn (to) 1.5
    Other max. 0,05
    Other max. 0,05
    Rest Al
    Rest Al
    Si (to) 0.6
    Si (to) 0.6
    Total max. 0,15 a) b)
    Total max. 0,15 a) b)
    Zn (to) 0.1
    Zn (to) 0.1

    a) Schließt alle aufgeführten Elemente ein, für die keine Grenzwerte angegeben sind. b) Die Summe dieser "Anderen Beimengungen", deren Masseanteil einzeln 0,010 % oder mehr beträgt, wird mit zwei Dezimalstellen vor der Summenbildung ausgedrückt.

  • Corrosion resistance
    Normal atmosphere 1.5
    Normal atmosphere 1.5
    Seawater atmosphere 2
    Seawater atmosphere 2
  • Cutting
    Laser cutting 2
    Laser cutting 2
    Plasma cutting 2
    Plasma cutting 2
    Sawing 4
    Sawing 4
    Shear cutting 2
    Shear cutting 2
    Waterjet cutting 1
    Waterjet cutting 1
  • Food industry
    suitable according to DIN EN 602 No
    suitable according to DIN EN 602 No
  • Forming
    Bending 1
    Bending 1
    Deep drawing (conditional) 1
    Deep drawing (conditional) 1
    Extruding 2
    Extruding 2
    Impact extrusion 1
    Impact extrusion 1
    Press 1
    Press 1
    Upsetting (Conditional) 1
    Upsetting (Conditional) 1
  • Heat treatment - Softannealing
    Heating time max. 6 h
    Heating time max. 6 h
    Heating time min. 3 h
    Heating time min. 3 h
    Annealing temperature max. 450 °C
    Annealing temperature max. 450 °C
    Annealing temperature min. 350 °C
    Annealing temperature min. 350 °C
    Cooling conditions Ofenabkühlung, unkontrolliert, oder an ruhender Luft.
    Mit Temperatur ist Metalltemperatur gemeint.
    Um eine gute Planheit nach dem Glühen zu erreichen ist zu empfehlen unter Belastung zu glühen.
    Cooling conditions Ofenabkühlung, unkontrolliert, oder an ruhender Luft.
    Mit Temperatur ist Metalltemperatur gemeint.
    Um eine gute Planheit nach dem Glühen zu erreichen ist zu empfehlen unter Belastung zu glühen.
  • Material
    Material chemically EN 573-3 Aluminium Al Mn Cu
    Material chemically EN 573-3 Aluminium Al Mn Cu
    DIN 3.0517
    DIN 3.0517
    DIN (old designation) AlMnCu
    DIN (old designation) AlMnCu
    France AFNOR NF-A-M1
    France AFNOR NF-A-M1
    Italy UNI 9003/1 [P-AlMn1,2Cu]
    Italy UNI 9003/1 [P-AlMn1,2Cu]
    Spain L-3810 [Al-1MnCu]
    Spain L-3810 [Al-1MnCu]
    United Kingdom BS BS-N3
    United Kingdom BS BS-N3
  • physical properties
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 100°C 23.2 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 100°C 23.2 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 200°C 24.1 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 200°C 24.1 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 300°C 25.1 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 300°C 25.1 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from -50 to 20°C 21.5 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from -50 to 20°C 21.5 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Density 2.73 g/cm³
    Density 2.73 g/cm³
    Electrical conductivity max. 29 m/Ω*mm²
    Electrical conductivity max. 29 m/Ω*mm²
    Electrical conductivity min. 23 m/Ω*mm²
    Electrical conductivity min. 23 m/Ω*mm²
    Specific heat 893 J/(kg·K)
    Specific heat 893 J/(kg·K)
    Thermal conductivity max. 200 W/m*K
    Thermal conductivity max. 200 W/m*K
    Thermal conductivity min. 160 W/m*K
    Thermal conductivity min. 160 W/m*K
  • Soldering
    Brazing 2
    Brazing 2
    Brazing with flux 2
    Brazing with flux 2
    Soft soldering 2
    Soft soldering 2
    Soft soldering with flux 2
    Soft soldering with flux 2
  • Welding
    Friction stir welding 2
    Friction stir welding 2
    Friction welding 2
    Friction welding 2
    Laser 2
    Laser 2
    MIG 2
    MIG 2
    Plasma 2
    Plasma 2
    Resistance spot welding 3
    Resistance spot welding 3
    TIG 2
    TIG 2
  • Aviation
    Aviation No
    Aviation No
  • Chemical specifications
    Be (from) 0
    Be (from) 0
    Be (to) 0
    Be (to) 0
    Co (from) 0
    Co (from) 0
    Co (to) 0
    Co (to) 0
    Cu (from) 0.05
    Cu (from) 0.05
    Cu (to) 0.2
    Cu (to) 0.2
    Fe (to) 0.7
    Fe (to) 0.7
    Mn (from) 1
    Mn (from) 1
    Mn (to) 1.5
    Mn (to) 1.5
    Other max. 0,05
    Other max. 0,05
    Rest Al
    Rest Al
    Si (to) 0.6
    Si (to) 0.6
    Total max. 0,15 a) b)
    Total max. 0,15 a) b)
    Zn (to) 0.1
    Zn (to) 0.1

    a) Schließt alle aufgeführten Elemente ein, für die keine Grenzwerte angegeben sind. b) Die Summe dieser "Anderen Beimengungen", deren Masseanteil einzeln 0,010 % oder mehr beträgt, wird mit zwei Dezimalstellen vor der Summenbildung ausgedrückt.

  • Corrosion resistance
    Normal atmosphere 1.5
    Normal atmosphere 1.5
    Seawater atmosphere 2
    Seawater atmosphere 2
  • Cutting
    Laser cutting 2
    Laser cutting 2
    Plasma cutting 2
    Plasma cutting 2
    Sawing 4
    Sawing 4
    Shear cutting 2
    Shear cutting 2
    Waterjet cutting 1
    Waterjet cutting 1
  • Food industry
    suitable according to DIN EN 602 No
    suitable according to DIN EN 602 No
  • Forming
    Bending 1
    Bending 1
    Deep drawing (conditional) 1
    Deep drawing (conditional) 1
    Extruding 2
    Extruding 2
    Impact extrusion 1
    Impact extrusion 1
    Press 1
    Press 1
    Upsetting (Conditional) 1
    Upsetting (Conditional) 1
  • Heat treatment - Softannealing
    Heating time max. 6 h
    Heating time max. 6 h
    Heating time min. 3 h
    Heating time min. 3 h
    Annealing temperature max. 450 °C
    Annealing temperature max. 450 °C
    Annealing temperature min. 350 °C
    Annealing temperature min. 350 °C
    Cooling conditions Ofenabkühlung, unkontrolliert, oder an ruhender Luft.
    Mit Temperatur ist Metalltemperatur gemeint.
    Um eine gute Planheit nach dem Glühen zu erreichen ist zu empfehlen unter Belastung zu glühen.
    Cooling conditions Ofenabkühlung, unkontrolliert, oder an ruhender Luft.
    Mit Temperatur ist Metalltemperatur gemeint.
    Um eine gute Planheit nach dem Glühen zu erreichen ist zu empfehlen unter Belastung zu glühen.
  • Material
    Material chemically EN 573-3 Aluminium Al Mn Cu
    Material chemically EN 573-3 Aluminium Al Mn Cu
    DIN 3.0517
    DIN 3.0517
    DIN (old designation) AlMnCu
    DIN (old designation) AlMnCu
    France AFNOR NF-A-M1
    France AFNOR NF-A-M1
    Italy UNI 9003/1 [P-AlMn1,2Cu]
    Italy UNI 9003/1 [P-AlMn1,2Cu]
    Spain L-3810 [Al-1MnCu]
    Spain L-3810 [Al-1MnCu]
    United Kingdom BS BS-N3
    United Kingdom BS BS-N3
  • physical properties
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 100°C 23.2 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 100°C 23.2 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 200°C 24.1 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 200°C 24.1 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 300°C 25.1 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 300°C 25.1 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from -50 to 20°C 21.5 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from -50 to 20°C 21.5 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Density 2.73 g/cm³
    Density 2.73 g/cm³
    Electrical conductivity max. 29 m/Ω*mm²
    Electrical conductivity max. 29 m/Ω*mm²
    Electrical conductivity min. 23 m/Ω*mm²
    Electrical conductivity min. 23 m/Ω*mm²
    Specific heat 893 J/(kg·K)
    Specific heat 893 J/(kg·K)
    Thermal conductivity max. 200 W/m*K
    Thermal conductivity max. 200 W/m*K
    Thermal conductivity min. 160 W/m*K
    Thermal conductivity min. 160 W/m*K
  • Soldering
    Brazing 2
    Brazing 2
    Brazing with flux 2
    Brazing with flux 2
    Soft soldering 2
    Soft soldering 2
    Soft soldering with flux 2
    Soft soldering with flux 2
  • Welding
    Friction stir welding 2
    Friction stir welding 2
    Friction welding 2
    Friction welding 2
    Laser 2
    Laser 2
    MIG 2
    MIG 2
    Plasma 2
    Plasma 2
    Resistance spot welding 3
    Resistance spot welding 3
    TIG 2
    TIG 2
  • Aviation
    Aviation No
    Aviation No
  • Chemical specifications
    Be (from) 0
    Be (from) 0
    Be (to) 0
    Be (to) 0
    Co (from) 0
    Co (from) 0
    Co (to) 0
    Co (to) 0
    Cu (from) 0.05
    Cu (from) 0.05
    Cu (to) 0.2
    Cu (to) 0.2
    Fe (to) 0.7
    Fe (to) 0.7
    Mn (from) 1
    Mn (from) 1
    Mn (to) 1.5
    Mn (to) 1.5
    Other max. 0,05
    Other max. 0,05
    Rest Al
    Rest Al
    Si (to) 0.6
    Si (to) 0.6
    Total max. 0,15 a) b)
    Total max. 0,15 a) b)
    Zn (to) 0.1
    Zn (to) 0.1

    a) Schließt alle aufgeführten Elemente ein, für die keine Grenzwerte angegeben sind. b) Die Summe dieser "Anderen Beimengungen", deren Masseanteil einzeln 0,010 % oder mehr beträgt, wird mit zwei Dezimalstellen vor der Summenbildung ausgedrückt.

  • Corrosion resistance
    Normal atmosphere 1.5
    Normal atmosphere 1.5
    Seawater atmosphere 2
    Seawater atmosphere 2
  • Cutting
    Laser cutting 2
    Laser cutting 2
    Plasma cutting 2
    Plasma cutting 2
    Sawing 4
    Sawing 4
    Shear cutting 2
    Shear cutting 2
    Waterjet cutting 1
    Waterjet cutting 1
  • Food industry
    suitable according to DIN EN 602 No
    suitable according to DIN EN 602 No
  • Forming
    Bending 1
    Bending 1
    Deep drawing (conditional) 1
    Deep drawing (conditional) 1
    Extruding 2
    Extruding 2
    Impact extrusion 1
    Impact extrusion 1
    Press 1
    Press 1
    Upsetting (Conditional) 1
    Upsetting (Conditional) 1
  • Heat treatment - Softannealing
    Heating time max. 6 h
    Heating time max. 6 h
    Heating time min. 3 h
    Heating time min. 3 h
    Annealing temperature max. 450 °C
    Annealing temperature max. 450 °C
    Annealing temperature min. 350 °C
    Annealing temperature min. 350 °C
    Cooling conditions Ofenabkühlung, unkontrolliert, oder an ruhender Luft.
    Mit Temperatur ist Metalltemperatur gemeint.
    Um eine gute Planheit nach dem Glühen zu erreichen ist zu empfehlen unter Belastung zu glühen.
    Cooling conditions Ofenabkühlung, unkontrolliert, oder an ruhender Luft.
    Mit Temperatur ist Metalltemperatur gemeint.
    Um eine gute Planheit nach dem Glühen zu erreichen ist zu empfehlen unter Belastung zu glühen.
  • Material
    Material chemically EN 573-3 Aluminium Al Mn Cu
    Material chemically EN 573-3 Aluminium Al Mn Cu
    DIN 3.0517
    DIN 3.0517
    DIN (old designation) AlMnCu
    DIN (old designation) AlMnCu
    France AFNOR NF-A-M1
    France AFNOR NF-A-M1
    Italy UNI 9003/1 [P-AlMn1,2Cu]
    Italy UNI 9003/1 [P-AlMn1,2Cu]
    Spain L-3810 [Al-1MnCu]
    Spain L-3810 [Al-1MnCu]
    United Kingdom BS BS-N3
    United Kingdom BS BS-N3
  • physical properties
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 100°C 23.2 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 100°C 23.2 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 200°C 24.1 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 200°C 24.1 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 300°C 25.1 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 300°C 25.1 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from -50 to 20°C 21.5 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from -50 to 20°C 21.5 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Density 2.73 g/cm³
    Density 2.73 g/cm³
    Electrical conductivity max. 29 m/Ω*mm²
    Electrical conductivity max. 29 m/Ω*mm²
    Electrical conductivity min. 23 m/Ω*mm²
    Electrical conductivity min. 23 m/Ω*mm²
    Specific heat 893 J/(kg·K)
    Specific heat 893 J/(kg·K)
    Thermal conductivity max. 200 W/m*K
    Thermal conductivity max. 200 W/m*K
    Thermal conductivity min. 160 W/m*K
    Thermal conductivity min. 160 W/m*K
  • Soldering
    Brazing 2
    Brazing 2
    Brazing with flux 2
    Brazing with flux 2
    Soft soldering 2
    Soft soldering 2
    Soft soldering with flux 2
    Soft soldering with flux 2
  • Welding
    Friction stir welding 2
    Friction stir welding 2
    Friction welding 2
    Friction welding 2
    Laser 2
    Laser 2
    MIG 2
    MIG 2
    Plasma 2
    Plasma 2
    Resistance spot welding 3
    Resistance spot welding 3
    TIG 2
    TIG 2
  • Aviation
    Aviation No
    Aviation No
  • Chemical specifications
    Be (from) 0
    Be (from) 0
    Be (to) 0
    Be (to) 0
    Co (from) 0
    Co (from) 0
    Co (to) 0
    Co (to) 0
    Cu (from) 0.05
    Cu (from) 0.05
    Cu (to) 0.2
    Cu (to) 0.2
    Fe (to) 0.7
    Fe (to) 0.7
    Mn (from) 1
    Mn (from) 1
    Mn (to) 1.5
    Mn (to) 1.5
    Other max. 0,05
    Other max. 0,05
    Rest Al
    Rest Al
    Si (to) 0.6
    Si (to) 0.6
    Total max. 0,15 a) b)
    Total max. 0,15 a) b)
    Zn (to) 0.1
    Zn (to) 0.1

    a) Schließt alle aufgeführten Elemente ein, für die keine Grenzwerte angegeben sind. b) Die Summe dieser "Anderen Beimengungen", deren Masseanteil einzeln 0,010 % oder mehr beträgt, wird mit zwei Dezimalstellen vor der Summenbildung ausgedrückt.

  • Corrosion resistance
    Normal atmosphere 1.5
    Normal atmosphere 1.5
    Seawater atmosphere 2
    Seawater atmosphere 2
  • Cutting
    Laser cutting 2
    Laser cutting 2
    Plasma cutting 2
    Plasma cutting 2
    Sawing 4
    Sawing 4
    Shear cutting 2
    Shear cutting 2
    Waterjet cutting 1
    Waterjet cutting 1
  • Food industry
    suitable according to DIN EN 602 No
    suitable according to DIN EN 602 No
  • Forming
    Bending 1
    Bending 1
    Deep drawing (conditional) 1
    Deep drawing (conditional) 1
    Extruding 2
    Extruding 2
    Impact extrusion 1
    Impact extrusion 1
    Press 1
    Press 1
    Upsetting (Conditional) 1
    Upsetting (Conditional) 1
  • Heat treatment - Softannealing
    Heating time max. 6 h
    Heating time max. 6 h
    Heating time min. 3 h
    Heating time min. 3 h
    Annealing temperature max. 450 °C
    Annealing temperature max. 450 °C
    Annealing temperature min. 350 °C
    Annealing temperature min. 350 °C
    Cooling conditions Ofenabkühlung, unkontrolliert, oder an ruhender Luft.
    Mit Temperatur ist Metalltemperatur gemeint.
    Um eine gute Planheit nach dem Glühen zu erreichen ist zu empfehlen unter Belastung zu glühen.
    Cooling conditions Ofenabkühlung, unkontrolliert, oder an ruhender Luft.
    Mit Temperatur ist Metalltemperatur gemeint.
    Um eine gute Planheit nach dem Glühen zu erreichen ist zu empfehlen unter Belastung zu glühen.
  • Material
    Material chemically EN 573-3 Aluminium Al Mn Cu
    Material chemically EN 573-3 Aluminium Al Mn Cu
    DIN 3.0517
    DIN 3.0517
    DIN (old designation) AlMnCu
    DIN (old designation) AlMnCu
    France AFNOR NF-A-M1
    France AFNOR NF-A-M1
    Italy UNI 9003/1 [P-AlMn1,2Cu]
    Italy UNI 9003/1 [P-AlMn1,2Cu]
    Spain L-3810 [Al-1MnCu]
    Spain L-3810 [Al-1MnCu]
    United Kingdom BS BS-N3
    United Kingdom BS BS-N3
  • physical properties
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 100°C 23.2 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 100°C 23.2 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 200°C 24.1 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 200°C 24.1 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 300°C 25.1 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from 20 to 300°C 25.1 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from -50 to 20°C 21.5 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Coefficient of thermal expansion from -50 to 20°C 21.5 K⁻¹10⁻⁶
    Density 2.73 g/cm³
    Density 2.73 g/cm³
    Electrical conductivity max. 29 m/Ω*mm²
    Electrical conductivity max. 29 m/Ω*mm²
    Electrical conductivity min. 23 m/Ω*mm²
    Electrical conductivity min. 23 m/Ω*mm²
    Specific heat 893 J/(kg·K)
    Specific heat 893 J/(kg·K)
    Thermal conductivity max. 200 W/m*K
    Thermal conductivity max. 200 W/m*K
    Thermal conductivity min. 160 W/m*K
    Thermal conductivity min. 160 W/m*K
  • Soldering
    Brazing 2
    Brazing 2
    Brazing with flux 2
    Brazing with flux 2
    Soft soldering 2
    Soft soldering 2
    Soft soldering with flux 2
    Soft soldering with flux 2
  • Welding
    Friction stir welding 2
    Friction stir welding 2
    Friction welding 2
    Friction welding 2
    Laser 2
    Laser 2
    MIG 2
    MIG 2
    Plasma 2
    Plasma 2
    Resistance spot welding 3
    Resistance spot welding 3
    TIG 2
    TIG 2

1 very good
2 good
3 moderate
4 poor
5 unsuited
0 Not specified